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Chien, Henri Casanova, Fran Berman, Yang-suk Kee, Ken Yocum, Richard Huang, Dionysis Logothetis, and Jerry Chou CSE, SDSC, and CNS University of California, San Diego VGrADS Workshop Sept 12-13, 2005 t3 IhLessons from GrADS Approach Vindicated: Application Driven Adaptation is Crucial Doing this well is DIFFICULT Specifically: Implicit Coupling of Application, Programming Tools, and Runtime requires dealing with complexity of all levels simultaneously Lack of Explicit Resource Abstraction inhibits expressing and exploiting application domain knowledge Closed World Selection Model does not extend to larger, shared, competitive Grid resource environments ~>M>n%ALlVirtual Grid ApproachqSeparation of Concerns Application Planning and Management Complex Grid Resource Environment Management => vgDL and Virtual Grid Scalable Selection and Binding Large Resource Pools Competitive, Dynamic Environments => Finding and Binding Application-Driven Resource Management Application-level Abstraction Grid Information => Virtual Grid Explicit Resource AbstractionQ7'/.Q7  '  ]  #Separation of Concerns: vgDL and VG.Virtual Grid Description Language (vgDL) Applications Describe their resource Needs at Application-level Abstraction Virtual Grid (VG) Resources Selected, Bound, and Organized into Application-level Abstraction Adaptive Applications (Future) Monitoring, Management, and Modification of Virtual Grids )ML<)ML<  tLife Cycle of Virtual GridsLife-cycle of a Virtual Grid Application sends vgES a vgDL request vgES (vgFAB) creates VG and returns to Application Application Uses VG (runs jobs, reads resource attributes, gets notifications from monitors, adapts VG, eventually done) Application terminates VG&$1System Architecture: vgES implements Virtual Grid22` 2 %vgES Components`   vgFAB A  finder and binder that performs integrated resource selection and binding vgDL Virtual Grid Description Language: how an application expresses its resource needs and resource abstractions vgLaunch + DVCW An application launcher that initiates the application on the bound resources and interfaces to Globus vgAgent A component that retrieves static/dynamic resource information from existing information services systems vgMON A distributed monitoring component that ensures resource performance expectationsNmgjR`N` `m` ` R` ``j``R` Z  o  k  S 3Achievements to Date (Year 1)Application Studies to understand Application Resource Abstractions Design and Implementation of vgDL Language (Application-level Resource Abstraction) Design and Implementation of Synthetic Resource Generator for Grids (Size, Time, etc.)4Achievements to Date (Year 2)>Design and Implementation of Integrated  Finding and Binding Algorithms Simulation Experiments for  Finding and Binding Effectiveness under Various Resource Environments Design and Implementation of a Working Infrastructure Release vgES 0.7, March 2005 Realizes the Key VG Ideas Enables Modular Exploration of Research Issues Enables Experimentation with Large Applications Leverages and Integrates with Globus/MDS/Production Grid Resource Infrastructures Several other VGrADS Sites Using vgES => Have Exposed Many Hard Research Questions!JUUA5Leveraging vgESvMany at UCSD VGrADS Others at UCSD Sysnet (PLUSH project), Jeannie, Amin, Scheduling Experiments (U Hawaii), Henri GridSolve (UTK), Asim, Jack Pegasus Integration Evaluation (USC/ISI), Gurmeet, Ewa, Carl Scheduling Experiments (Rice), Ryan, Anirban, Chuck, Ken Anyone else? On Deck LEAD at UNC? On grid resources at UH? Teragrid? What do we need do to move this forward? 60+0+ , 1,~;!Application-Driven Design of vgDLvvgDL design based on Extensive Grid Application Studies EMAN: Single Particle Analysis and Electron Micrograph Analysis Encyclopedia of Life (Bioinformatics) LEAD: Linked Environments for Atmospheric Discovery GridSAT: Boolean Satisfiability Solver (Logic and Test Design) Findings Small number of Resource Abstractions Application Mapping and Resource Ignores Detail vgDL Research Hypotheses& A Simple Application-level Description is better for Applications! Simplicity supports Description Portability and Robustness Loose Specification enables  Finding and Binding 8 V8 V  , Jm*Separation of Concerns: Research QuestionsvgDL Language Does the language support good expression of application needs? (deep studies, breadth studies) Does the language have clear meaning and reasonable syntax? What constitutes a good realization of a VG for a vgDL request? (semantics) VG Selection What are good techniques for selecting resources for a particular vgDL description? How robust are the descriptions across a range of resource environments? VG Abstraction (utility,power) Does the VG abstraction (hierarchy, aggregators, attribute system) enable application reasoning and management about resources? Do the notification and attribute interfaces provide good access to dynamic information and filtering? Can a reasonable class of applications achieve a separation of concerns with vgDL and VG?  Z Z   E6<Two-level Scheduling and more& VG s Separation of Concerns limits visibility and choice available to an application scheduler Obtain a Set of Resources for a Virtual Grid Schedule the Tasks of a Workflow (or Application) on specific physical resources in Virtual Grid Research Questions How does the two-level scheduling affect performance? Pros: Simpler set of resources to consider, offline optimization, reduced scheduling cost, binding cost Cons: Smaller set of resource choices How to generate an appropriate VG (vgDL specification) for a Workflow Graph? Structure, Performance Model, Resource Estimates Is it possible to design vgDL specifications and resulting VG s so that very simple schedulers can perform nearly as well as sophisticated schedulers?_6M1_6M  1   $zX72Large-Scale Experiments: vgES-Pegasus IntegrationbMany Benefits Pegasus: More flexible Resource Control and Management Scheduling: 2-level Scheduling, Dynamic Scheduling, Large Experiments  workload and resources Virtual Grid: vgDL workload and experiments, Large Experiments  workload and resources Questions: What? Who? When? How? -- a Concrete Plan T6bb5b1 oScalable Selection and Binding$ Traditional Model: Separate Selection and Binding Select Resources; Plan Execution; Bind Resources; Execute Doesn t work for competitive Grid resource environments Problem: Selection Ignores Resource Competition Binding May not Succeed Research Questions What algorithms or techniques work well for combined finding and binding? Are distinct techniques required for each vgDL construct or idiom? How does the level of contention (binding success rate) influence the effectiveness of these techniques? Relative? Absolute? How does the structure of vgDL requests influence the effectiveness of these techniques? Relative? Absolute? t2:A?z2:A?z  r8vgFAB:  Finding and Binding Use vgDL (and rank) to enumerate a number of candidates for each part of request (Overselection) Attempt to bind candidates for each part based on vgDL ranking Compose successfully bound parts into a VG and returns to application (Dynamic Composition) If didn t succeed for all parts, try iteratively with more candidates or failR  CvgFAB enables Synchronous Resource Use in Competitive EnvironmentsDDHFAB Scalable and Satisfies Complex Requests in Competitive Resource Environments Combined Better in All Cases; Much Better in Competitive Environments Tolerates Double Binding Failure Rates => Makes Synchronous Use Practical Separate: 30% for 8 and 16 component descriptions Combined: 60-70% for 8 and 16 component descriptions QFJgQ$Jg86Resource Managers and VG s 2Resource Manager Diversity is a Reality Dedicated, Volatile/Desktop, Timeshared, Sliceshared, Spaceshared Immediate, Queued, Advance Reservation Research Questions How can we support vgDL features? (now, synchronous, @time) Over what RMs and how can we construct virtual grids? (co-allocation& ) How do these capabilities influence what assumptions applications (and planners/schedulers) can make about vgDL?T(i(i>Q  v&Application-Driven Resource Management,Virtual Grid Provides an Application-Level Resource Abstraction Structure of VG <-> Available Resource Structure <-> Application s vgDL Presents Information and Enables Use VG Organization for Resource Information VG Organization for Computation Launching, Data Movement, and Monitoring Enables Monitoring and Modification of Available Resources vgMON Customizable Monitoring; Follows VG/vgDL structure Operations to Augment or Prune a Virtual Grid We have a lot of mechanism here, but not much policy or understanding of how to use.@H%r;hU@H%r;hUZ<.Application-Driven Resource Management (cont.)+Research Questions Are VG interfaces a good way to present static and dynamic information to applications? Do VG interfaces enable convenient and effective modification of VGs (and thereby the available resources)? What properties do applications want to monitor on their resources? Can vgMON provide efficient (low overhead) monitoring of desired properties with few false positives? And of course, the Rescheduling Question How would an application use these features to adapt intelligently in the face of resource performance change? Resource failure? Ln)n),p+Virtual Grid: Explicit Resource Abstraction,,` , vgDL Request Creates Virtual Grid (VG) Virtual Grid (VG) is an Explicit Entity Each VG Resource corresponds to part of the Application s vgDL VG Nodes Attributes present Resource Information Static Information (proc type, speed, location, etc.) Dynamic Information (load, mem, uptime, prediction, NWS, Ganglia, etc.) Characterization / Classification Information\'g1'`g`1``&  X =vgMON and MonitoringCouples Applications and Resource Requirements (expectations) to Dynamic Environment Simple language for expressing expectations Query across time or tuple-based windows (streaming databases) Language supports aggregate functions: sum, min, or max Build tree-based overlays (sensor networks) Long-lived queries/expectations Installed across monitored nodes (distributed XML query processing) Continues vgES philosophy Thin, lightweight, modular layer Research Questions Can eDL capture application expectations? What are typical application expectations? How to cope with scale and heterogeneity of VG resources? How to trigger effectively to enable Application-level decision-making? How to filter/organize information to support good Application-level decisionsU,?8, E!'U,?8,  E!',A !Fault Tolerance and Virtual GridsApplication Creates a Virtual Grid and Uses it for some time Receives Monitoring notifications Eventually one is significant enough to cause the application to decide to& Modify Virtual Grid Based on Notification, Determine which Resources are Implicated Remore or Replace those that are Failing or Failure Prone or simply Low Performing Meet Evolving NeedsT_L_LavgES Research with UCSDTSeparation of Concerns Grid Resource Generation (YSK) Scalable, Robust, Accurate Large-scale Grids (now and future) Integration of vgES and Pegasus (YSK,RYH,& ) With Gurmeet, Ewa, Carl @ ISI With Anirban, Ken @ Rice Application Scheduling and Virtual Grids (RYH,YSK, HC) With Ryan, Chuck, Ken @ Rice>,77>,77  >a1vgES Research with UCSD (cont.)3Scalable Selection and Binding Finding and Binding (YSK) Good Selection, Clear Semantics Resource Contention and Successful VG Construction Resource Management Models and Virtual Grids (JC) Batch, Adv Res, Timesharing, Auction, Best Effort, Desktop Grid VG Construction Statistical Guarantees with RW @ UCSBbS2vS2v  h2vgES Research with UCSD (cont.)Application-Driven Resource Management (Dynamic Virtual Grids) Monitoring (KY,DL) With Rich,Graziano @ UCSB Fault Tolerance and Adaptation With Lavanya, Dan @ UNC, Asim, Jack @ UTKb? *? *  >W .  #Future Achievements? (Year 3+)&Separation of Concerns Understand Two-level Benefits/Disadvantages Understand how to Schedule Apps on VG s, how to specify VG s Large-scale Experiments on Real Resources Scalable Selection and Binding Understand the limits of Constructing VG s on Shared Resources Understand how to Construct VG s with real Resource Management Systems Large-scale Experiments on Real Resources Application-Driven Resource Management Understand how to Efficiently Monitor for  custom VG s and Properties Understand Monitoring Requirements of Workflow Applications Tie Monitoring to Management of VG s to Optimize Performance and Tolerate Failures All VGrADS Sites using vgES! ''fp1l3  vgES Plans>vgES 1.0: vgES + vgMON Release (Nov 2005) Smaller Changes Client-server vgES (support vgES-Pegasus Integration) vgES-Pegasus Integration: Team Deadlines Operate with Separate Resource Managers + Private IP s Major Changes Dynamic Virtual Grids Operate on Variety of Resource Managers `<><>AVirtual Grid ApproachqSeparation of Concerns Application Planning and Management Complex Grid Resource Environment Management => vgDL and Virtual Grid Scalable Selection and Binding Large Resource Pools Competitive, Dynamic Environments => Finding and Binding Application-Driven Resource Management Application-level Abstraction Grid Information => Virtual Grid Explicit Resource AbstractionQ7'/.Q7  '  ]  For More InformationAndrew A. Chien, Henri Casanova, Yang-Suk Kee, Richard Huang, Dionysis Logothetis, and Ken Yocum, The Virtual Grid Description Language: vgDL, UCSD Technical Report CS2005-0817. And Update to The Virtual Grid Description Language: vgDL, Version 0.96, March 16, 2005. Yang-Suk Kee, Dionysios Logothetis, Richard Huang, Henri Casanova, and Andrew A. Chien, Efficient Resource Description and High Quality Selection for Virtual Grids, In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid 2005) Yang-Suk Kee, Henri Casanova, and Andrew A. Chien, Realistic Modeling and Synthesis of Resources for Computational Grids, In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on High Performance Computing and Networking, SC2004, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania, November 2004 Yang-suk Kee, Henri Casanova, and Andrew A. Chien,Combined Selection and Binding for Competitive Resource Environments, submitted for publication.b+33*533xK33E33D33&      YPLyonl1< 08  .,=>5/2347:-  0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғq>9y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dU@ <6?" 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"B+D=' = @B +  0L0 8P(  8r 8 S ;O%@  ;  8 S ;<$D 0 ; H 8 0޽h ? lb___PPT10.(PX+XD|' = @B D7' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Dn' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*8D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*8+  0L0  $(   r   S  =O%  = r   S T= = H   0޽h ? lb___PPT10i.DZ+D=' = @B +  0L0 $(  $x $ c $=O%  = x $ c $|=P K = L   $# >bB B $ B,=Ԕ"`   ZEXEC&0c    $ B4=fo"`n kAbstract workflow*0g    $ B =fo"`   nResource Description*0g   B $ <($="`P p ]Pegasus&0c    $ B(="`  a Scheduler( 0 g  B $ <+="` M jDAGMan&0c   r" $ BG)H5IoJx $B HZGHEIoX T ` $ 0oP  $ B1=o"`Q f Abstract DAX* 0 g   B $ B5=o"`  jPlanned DAX + VG*0g    $ Bl9=o"`    bPools/VG* 0 g    $ BH8="`\U b Controller( 0 g  B $ BP@=Ԕ"``@   a Query Agent& 0 c   r $ BGH=Iop fB $ 6Df>  fB $ 6Df>   $ BE="`%  iXMP-RPC Layer/Network$0c    $  ` J=Ԕ))?"`p ZvgES&0c   " $ TM=o))?"`P  _vgFAB*0g    " $ TP=o))?"``  pvgLAUNCH* 0 g   zB $ <"`0  zB $ <"`00  zB $ <"` @zB $ <"`0 @H $ 0޽h ?O $$$$$$$$$$$$ lb___PPT10i.DZ+D=' = @B +&  0L0 DP(  Dr D S b=O%  =  D S tc=0<$D 0 = H D 0޽h ? lb$$___PPT10$.(pFi+XD\$' = @B D$' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +Dn' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Dl%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*DlD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*DlD' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*DD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*DD' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*DD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*DD' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*DD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*DD' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*DD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*DD' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*DI%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*DID' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*DID' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*DI%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*DID' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*DID' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D %(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*D D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*D D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D x%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*D xD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*D x+B  0L0 ++#+0YaX*(  Xr X S s=O%  = ~ X s *t=k  =  X H,v=1?"`: ,$D 0 g1 = { rsc1 = LooseBagOf(c1)[2:4] { c1 = ClusterOf(node1)[4:8] { node1 = [ (Processor == Pentium4) && (Memory>=4096)]}} FAR rsc2 = LooseBagOf(tb1)[2:4] { tb1 = TightBagOf(node2)[4:8] { node2 = [ Clock>=2.048 ]}}} FAR rsc3 = LooseBagOf(c2)[2:4] { c2 = ClusterOf(node3)[4:8] { node3 = [ Processor == Pentium4 ] [ Rank = Memory ]}} c  B X BDo?pH,$@ 0B X BDo?P,$D 0l  0 OX( @,$D 0@ hP XpH l  X <8c?hPl  X <8c?Pl  X <8c?hl  X <8c?&N hP X X`l X <8c?hPl X <8c?Pl X <8c?hl X <8c?&N hP X l X <8c?hPl X <8c?Pl X <8c?hl X <8c?&N hP X  0l X <8c?hPl X <8c?Pl X <8c?hl X <8c?&N hP X  pH l X <@8c?hPl  X <@8c?Pl !X <@8c?hl "X <@8c?lR #X <8c?0`lR 'X <8c?XlR (X <8c? lR )X <8c?@lR *X <8c?`@0@ ` -Xl +X <8c?`l ,X <8c?`>N ` .X 0HXl /X <8c?`l 0X <8c?`>N ` 1X `l 2X <8c?`l 3X <8c?`>N ` 4X  l 5X <8c?`l 6X <8c?`>N ` 7X  P0l 8X <@8c?`l 9X <@8c?`>N ` :X l ;X <8c?`l N ` =X  HXl >X <8c?`l ?X <8c?`>N ` @X Pl AX <8c?`l BX <8c?`>N ` CX l DX <8c?`l EX <8c?`\l x0@  PXXh ,$@ 0&N hP FX xh( l GX <@8c?hPl HX <@8c?Pl IX <@8c?hl JX <@8c?lR KX <8c?x8>N ` LX 0@ l MX <8c?`l NX <8c?`B QX BDo?  ,$@ 0Ll h   `X x ,$D  0 \X H=1?h   ,  ^X NL=1?"` cg  B Virtual Grid  >N x0@  RX p  &N hP SX xh( l TX <@8c?hPl UX <@8c?Pl VX <@8c?hl WX <@8c?lR XX <8c?x8>N ` YX 0@ l ZX <8c?`l [X <8c?` aX H8=8c?m ,$ 0 TSuccessfully Bound Candidates   H X 0޽h ? lb|t___PPT10T.(W+4'D' = @B Ds' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D' =%(D' =%(D@' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*XD' =%(D' =%(D3' =4@BB BB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*XD3' =4@BB BB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*OX%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*OXDf' =%(D' =%(D3' =4@BB BB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*PX%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*PXD@' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*aX%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*aXD3' =4@BB BB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*XD' =%(D' =%(D3' =4@BB BB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*QX%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*QXD3' =4@BB BB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*`X%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*`X+p+0+X0 ++0+aX0 +  0L0 \O(  \r \ S =FO%H  =  \ H=8c? C 16 candidates 4 \ # A0*  \  <="`  = H \ 0޽h ? lb___PPT10i.BБ+D=' = @B +'  0L0   ::( (  (r ( S =O%  = x ( c $=` O = F @p0 ( Hr +N p  ( p b (  `d1 ?@V ( C &Abundle *V ( C &AbundleK*V  ( C &Abundle@*V  ( C &Abundlel*V  ( C &Abundle`*V  ( C &Abundle*B  (  `D8c??"PB (  `D8c??"B (  `D8c??"pB (  `D8c??"B (  `D8c??"B (  `D8c??"  ( T= ??"@p  saxicolous.sdsc.edu Linux/PBS0(2# #  0N   (  b (  `d1 ?V ( C &Abundle| V ( C &Abundlep  V ( C &Abundle V ( C &Abundle, V ( C &Abundle  V ( C &AbundleL B (  `D8c??"`B (  `D8c??"`B (  `D8c??"0`B (  `D8c??"`B  (  `D8c??"`PB !(  `D8c??"`" "( Th= ??"0   "morpheus.engin.umich.edu Linux/PBS0#(2# #  N @@P  #( @@P ` $( C 0Abluehorizon @ @" %( T= ??"@ P   horizon.sdsc.edu AIX/LoadLeveler !(2!# $ 3N  0 &(  0b '(  `d1 ? V (( C &Abundle`  V )( C &Abundle  V *( C &Abundle V +( C &Abundle < ) ,( T= ??"P 0 3{multivac/nbcr3/nbcr4/nbcr5/nbcr6}.sdsc.edu Solaris@4(2# +## B -(  `D8c??" P B .(  `D8c??"@ P B /(  `D8c??"P B 0(  `D8c??"P V 1( C &AbundleP B 2(  `D8c??" P  N   3(  V 4( C &A laptopp  B 5(  fD8c??" ` B 6(  fD8c??"` B 7(  fD8c??"p ` B 8(  `D8c??"@` B 9(  fD8c??"@@ :( H=8c? -,$  0 A Breakout?  H ( 0޽h ? lb ___PPT10.o+j_D' == @B DD' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D{' =%(D#' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*:(%(D' =+4 8?dCB1+#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*:(D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*:(+8+0+:(0 +  0L0 t$(  tr t S  B O%H  B r t S d B  B H t 0޽h ? lb___PPT10i.(B+D=' = @B +  0L0  8$(  8r 8 S BO%  B r 8 S BB  B H 8 0޽h ? lb___PPT10i.p%Ƽ+D=' = @B +  0  &=(  r < S BO%  B r = S |B6 B zL 00P  # p @ZB B s *DԔ00ZB B s *DԔ0 ZB  s *DԔ0PzL 00P  #  ZB B s *DԔ00ZB B s *DԔ0 ZB  s *DԔ0PbL ` #  T 00P   # ݶZB !B s *DԔ00ZB "B s *DԔ0 ZB # s *DԔ0P|N 00P  $ `ZB %B s *DԔ00ZB &B s *DԔ0 ZB ' s *DԔ0P^ ( 6 P ^ ) 6pP  ^ * 6 `^ + 6f 0^ , 6@ P ^ - 6 @^ . 6 P ^ / 6P^ 0 6f @^ 1 6  ^ 2 6` 0^ 3 6f` J 4 <\#B^~v0___PPT106___PPT9 X vgDL Request  c  O 5 <l(Bg ~v0___PPT106___PPT9 ]Virtual Grid (VG)c  F  `` 6 `P P` 7 <-B1``~v0___PPT106___PPT9 \Rname: foo.ucsd.edu Load: 0.6 Pred Load: 2.0 & //cN         ZB 8 s *D1  9 H2B1?"` dBagOfClusters= LooseBagOf(N)[10:100] [Rank=LooseBag.Nodes] {N=ClusterOf(M)[8:32] {M=[(Memory>=1024) &&(Disk>2048)] [Rank = Clock]} }, c   <  (   H  0޽h ? ̙33___PPT10i.'c'+D=' = @B +  0L0 0 <$(  <r < S >BO%  B r < S t?B B H < 0޽h ? lb___PPT10i.+D=' = @B +R>  0L0 P"#l9(  lr l S XMBO%  B  l S XNB` <$@ 0 B  l TTBo))?8 ] Application"  c   l TYBo))?P a VvgES"c  z pH  l eP( P,$@ 0rB l BD8c?p0H  l H]B8c?&b :vgDL  z ,   l 0 ,$@ 0T ,(   l# ,(   l B`B8c?,?  0   l B\eB8c?0 C  0 B  l BiB8c?   0  l BHmB8c? (  0 rB l BD8c?@ H rB lB BD8c?@` rB l BD8c?   l HpB8c?   B Virtual Grid  B l HD8c?8 X,$@ 0\l `@p  l x ,$@  0l l <8c?`@h l l <8c?Hp Rl   #l ,$D  0\@ p  !lx lb l <f8c?p0 lb l <f8c?pX0 lb l <f8c?p0 lb l <f8c?H lb l <f8c? lb l <f8c?` lb l <f8c? ( lb l <f8c?P  lb  l <f8c?  rB "lB BD8c? xH l 0޽h ? lb9+1+___PPT10+.B0V+wڏD*' = @B D*' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D5' =%(D ' =%(D3' =4@BB BB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*l%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*lD' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*l=_%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*l=_D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*l=_D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*l_%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*l_D' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*l_D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*l%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*lD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*lD\' =%(D' =%(D3' =4@BB BB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* l%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<* lD3' =4@BB BB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*l%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*lD6' =4@BBBB%()D' =?B70, 0; .2, .5; .8, .5; 1, 0-g6B fade*<3<*lD' =0l9 BBBB*<3<*l)?D' =%(Dh' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*l%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*lD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*lD' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*l%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*lD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*lD' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*lR%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*lRD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*lRD' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*lRf%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*lRfD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*lRfDn' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*#l%(D' =+4 8?dCB0-#ppt_w/2BCB#ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*#lD' =+4 8?\CB#ppt_yBCB#ppt_yB*Y3>B ppt_y<*#l+  0L0 0$(  r  S ,BO%  B r  S Be  B H  0޽h ? lb___PPT10i.3%Ѻ+D=' = @B +  0L0 $(  r  S BO%  B r  S \B  B H  0޽h ? lb___PPT10i.0J+D=' = @B +  0L0 p $(   r   S BO%  B r   S \B B H   0޽h ? lb___PPT10i.@R.+D=' = @B +  0L0 p$(  r  S *HO%  H r  S +H H H  0޽h ? lb___PPT10i.7`n+D=' = @B +  0L0 @$(  r  S 2HO%  H r  S h3H  H H  0޽h ? lb___PPT10i.4ϯ+D=' = @B +   0L0 php L(  L~ L s *(_3O%  3 ~ L s *D^3@  3 z  s  L  s ,$D  0 L HX838c?# i) vgES Selection Scheduling vgES-Pegasus$*! @*@. 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