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"  #  $  %  &  '  (  )  *  +  ,  -  .  /  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  o  b $ SJ~fL .<  R $ ,6chѢ {  R $  P߶\\y*4| D  z b $ ! lں~8.]   7~ B $ ]Iʹ )   # l    A       A 8c         ?   f f @ @                   T ʚ;>nq8 ʚ;  g  4 d d d d n  p  p p   @  < 4 ! d ! d 0  g ʚ;   < 4 d d d d 0  g ʚ;   < 4 d d d d 0  g ʚ;  (  h  _ _ _ P P T 2 0 0 1 D  < 4 X         _ _ _ P P T M a c 1 1  @ f                       hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y                                hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y                                hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y                                hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y                                hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y                                 hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y          ?   %  R    g   0 The Virtual Grid and vg Execution System (vgES)    Andrew A. Chien, Henri Casanova, Yang-suk Kee, Ken Yocum, Richard Huang, Dionysis Logothetis, and Jerry Chou CSE, SDSC, and CNS University of California, San Diego VGrADS Site Visit April 28, 2005   P      P !           I           Credits    Rice University Ken Kennedy, Principal Investigator Chuck Koelbel & Mark Mazina, Research Staff Anirban Mandal, Ryan Zhang University of North Carolina Dan Reed, Principal Investigator LavanyaRamakrishnan University of Southern California Carl Kesselman, Principal Investigator Gurmeet Singh University of California, Santa Barbara Rich Wolski, Principal Investigator Graziano Obertelli University of Tennessee Jack Dongarra, Principal Investigator Asim YarKhan    < l   <   < 7   < #  < 5   < (  < 7   <   < 3   <  l    7  #  5  (  7    3 $ $  ;                M       *       4                           h   Lessons from GrADS     Approach Vindicated: Application Driven Adaptation is Crucial Doing this well is DIFFICULT Specifically: Implicit Coupling of Application, Programming Tools, and Runtime requires dealing with complexity of all levels simultaneously Lack of Explicit Resource Abstraction inhibits expressing and exploiting application domain knowledge Closed World Selection Model does not extend to larger, shared, competitive Grid resource environments  >  K    K   K M   K >        n  %  A    L    l   Virtual Grid Approach   q Separation of Concerns Application Planning and Management Complex Grid Resource Environment Management => vgDL and Virtual Grid Scalable Selection and Binding Large Resource Pools Competitive, Dynamic Environments => Finding and Binding Application-Driven Resource Management Application-level Abstraction Grid Information => Virtual Grid Explicit Resource Abstraction   Q       7      ' /  .     Q      7    '  ]         # Separation of Concerns: vgDL and VG   2 Virtual Grid Description Language (vgDL) Applications Describe their resource Needs at Application-level Abstraction Virtual Grid (VG) Resources Selected, Bound, and Organized into Application-level Abstraction Adaptive Applications (Future) Applications Manage Resources with VG Modify the Virtual Grid  ) M   L   @  )   M      L       @      t   Life Cycle of Virtual Grids    Life-cycle of a Virtual Grid Application sends vgES a vgDL request vgES (vgFAB) creates VG and returns to Application Application Uses VG (runs jobs, reads resource attributes, gets notifications from monitors, adapts VG, eventually done) Application terminates VG &        m  ! Application-Driven Design of vgDL    E x t e n s i v e G r i d A p p l i c a t i o n S t u d i e s ( 6 m o n t h s ) E M A N : S i n g l e P a r t i c l e A n a l y s i s a n d E l e c t r o n M i c r o g r a p h A n a l y s i s E n c y c l o p e d i a o f L i f e ( B i o i n f o r m a t i c s ) L E A D : L i n k e d E n v i r o n m e n t s f o r A t m o s p h e r i c D i s c o v e r y G r i d S A T : B o o l e a n S a t i s f i a b i l i t y S o l v e r ( L o g i c a n d T e s t D e s i g n ) Q u e s t i o n s E x p l o r e d H o w d o y o u o r g a n i z e r e s o u r c e s ? H o w d o y o u m a p y o u r a p p l i c a t i o n ? H o w d o y o u r e a s o n a b o u t p e r f o r m a n c e ? W h a t i s i m p o r t a n t t o c o n t r o l ? W h a t i s c o n f u s i n g / i r r e l e v a n t d e t a i l ? F i n d i n g s S m a l l n u m b e r o f R e s o u r c e A b s t r a c t i o n s A p p l i c a t i o n M a p p i n g a n d R e s o u r c e I g n o r e s D e t a i l v g D L R e s e a r c h H y p o t h e s e s & A S i m p l e A p p l i c a t i o n - l e v e l D e s c r i p t i o n i s b e t t e r f o r A p p l i c a t i o n s ! S i m p l i c i t y s u p p o r t s D e s c r i p t i o n P o r t a b i l i t y a n d R o b u s t n e s s L o o s e S p e c i f i c a t i o n e n a b l e s  F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g   .  <   <   <   <  < V   <   <   < .       V       ,            ( Virtual Grid Description Language (vgDL)  ) )       vgDL provides application-level resource abstraction Aggregates ClusterOf (Homogeneous, Tightly-Coupled) TightBag (Heterogeneous, Tightly-Coupled) LooseBag (Heterogeneous, Loosely-Coupled) Individual Resource Attributes (extensible) CPU, Speed, Memory, Disk, Software, Hostname, etc. Couplers HighBW, Close, Far, LowBW Preferences Scalar Rank Function, Arithmetic on Attributes Advanced Reservation (Start) and Extent Reservation (Start, Stop) Quantity of Resources (Service Units)  5  P   P }   P ,   P 4   P   P    P  P /   P h  P 5  }  , `    4 `        /  g $b $    ( (  A      !   ! `          < g        ( Virtual Grid Description Language (vgDL)  ) ) b    & #             `              vgDL Example    Based on EMAN Resource Abstractions Workflow (loosely coupled) Workflow Nodes are Sequential and Parallel Jobs (clusters) Specific Cluster Node Requirements Simple, Flexible, Lots of Choice D % y  ! % b    y   !   "   $     o   Scalable Selection and Binding    T r a d i t i o n a l M o d e l : S e p a r a t e S e l e c t i o n S e l e c t b a s e d o n S t a t i c R e s o u r c e A t t r i b u t e s P l a n A p p l i c a t i o n E x e c u t i o n B i n d R e s o u r c e s E x e c u t e A p p l i c a t i o n W o r k s i n a P r i v a t e R e s o u r c e E n v i r o n m e n t :  W h a t I w a n t , I g e t  D o e s n  t w o r k i n a c o m p e t i t i v e G r i d r e s o u r c e e n v i r o n m e n t :  W h a t I w a n t , e v e r y o n e e l s e w a n t s t o o !  P r o b l e m : S e l e c t i o n I g n o r e s R e s o u r c e C o m p e t i t i o n B i n d i n g M a y n o t S u c c e e d A p p l i c a t i o n M a y n o t d o w e l l ( p e r f o r m a n c e , e t c . ) C u r r e n t p r a c t i c e : Q u e u e a n d W a i t l &  P j   P  P o   P !  P & j    o  !      p  " Example: Grid3 Resource Management    V D S : C h i m e r a , P e g a s u s , C o n d o r , G l o b u s S y s t e m C h i m e r a a n d P e g a s u s c o n s t r u c t W o r k f l o w p l a n ( s e l e c t i o n ) , i n c l u d i n g r e s o u r c e p o o l f o r e a c h w o r k f l o w n o d e L o c a l R e s o u r c e M a n a g e r s d e t e r m i n e w h e n t h e y r u n ! ( b i n d i n g ) P r o b l e m : C a n  t c o n t r o l p e r f o r m a n c e w i t h V D S a l o n e ! V G A p p r o a c h :  F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g  A p p l i c a t i o n C o n t r o l s S c h e d u l i n g o n V G R e s o u r c e s ( 2 - l e v e l ) A p p l i c a t i o n C o n t r o l s P e r f o r m a n c e j -  A   A W  A \   A -      W  \   ,     \       r  8 v g F A B :  F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g      U s e v g D L ( a n d r a n k ) t o e n u m e r a t e a n u m b e r o f c a n d i d a t e s f o r e a c h p a r t o f r e q u e s t ( O v e r s e l e c t i o n ) A t t e m p t t o b i n d c a n d i d a t e s f o r e a c h p a r t b a s e d o n v g D L r a n k i n g C o m p o s e s u c c e s s f u l l y b o u n d p a r t s i n t o a V G a n d r e t u r n s t o a p p l i c a t i o n ( D y n a m i c C o m p o s i t i o n ) I f d i d n  t s u c c e e d f o r a l l p a r t s , t r y i t e r a t i v e l y w i t h m o r e c a n d i d a t e s o r f a i l  R         C vgFAB enables Synchronous Resource Use in Competitive Environments  D D      G FAB Scalable and Satisfies Complex Requests in Competitive Resource Environments Combined Better in All Cases; Much Better in Competitive Environments Tolerates Double Binding Failure Rates => Makes Synchronous Use Practical Separate: 30% for 8 and 16 component descriptions Combined: 60-70% for 8 and 16 component descriptions j Q  F F   F J  F g   F Q     $  J  g     v  = Application-Driven Resource Management: the Virtual Grid (VG)    Why Manage Resources? Application or Resource Performance changes (Reschedule) Application or Resource Fault-tolerance Needs (Reconfigure) Virtual Grid Provides an Application-Level Abstraction for Management Relates to vgDL Corresponds to Application-level View Single Interface for Resource Information Operations for Computation Launching and Monitoring Modify Virtual Grid; Augment, Remove Elements b  u  F     u  F             + Virtual Grid: Explicit Resource Abstraction  , , `    ,      v g D L R e q u e s t C r e a t e s V i r t u a l G r i d ( V G ) V i r t u a l G r i d ( V G ) i s a n E x p l i c i t E n t i t y E a c h V G R e s o u r c e c o r r e s p o n d s t o p a r t o f t h e A p p l i c a t i o n  s v g D L V G N o d e s A t t r i b u t e s p r e s e n t R e s o u r c e I n f o r m a t i o n S t a t i c I n f o r m a t i o n ( p r o c t y p e , s p e e d , l o c a t i o n , e t c . ) D y n a m i c I n f o r m a t i o n ( l o a d , m e m , u p t i m e , p r e d i c t i o n , N W S , G a n g l i a , e t c . ) C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n / C l a s s i f i c a t i o n I n f o r m a t i o n b ' g  1  ' `   g `   1 b    b     N              X         # Virtual Grid Creation and Evolution   " Life-cycle of a Virtual Grid Application sends vgDL request vgES creates VG and returns it to Application Application Uses VG; Terminates VG Application Modifies Virtual Grid Detect and Replace Resources which Fail (FT) or Augment Add to Virtual Grid as Needed to Meet Evolving Needs (LEAD) V  p  " t     p   "   t          1 System Architecture: vgES implements Virtual Grid  2 2 `   &               vgES Components    `              v g F A B A  f i n d e r a n d b i n d e r  t h a t p e r f o r m s i n t e g r a t e d r e s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n a n d b i n d i n g v g D L V i r t u a l G r i d D e s c r i p t i o n L a n g u a g e : h o w a n a p p l i c a t i o n e x p r e s s e s i t s r e s o u r c e n e e d s a n d r e s o u r c e a b s t r a c t i o n s v g L a u n c h + D V C W A n a p p l i c a t i o n l a u n c h e r t h a t i n i t i a t e s t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o n t h e b o u n d r e s o u r c e s a n d i n t e r f a c e s t o G l o b u s v g A g e n t A c o m p o n e n t t h a t r e t r i e v e s s t a t i c / d y n a m i c r e s o u r c e i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m e x i s t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e s s y s t e m s v g M O N A d i s t r i b u t e d m o n i t o r i n g c o m p o n e n t t h a t e n s u r e s r e s o u r c e p e r f o r m a n c e e x p e c t a t i o n s    K N   K   K m   K   K g   K   K j   K   K R   K  `   N `    `   m `     `   R `    `    `   j `     $` $  R (` (  b     o     k     S          vgFAB Architecture    `                 Virtual Grids (VG)    `         = Big Picture: Many Applications, vgES Instances, Virtual Grids  > > `    >        Achievements to Date (Year 1.5)   t A p p l i c a t i o n S t u d i e s t o u n d e r s t a n d A p p l i c a t i o n R e s o u r c e A b s t r a c t i o n s D e s i g n a n d I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f v g D L L a n g u a g e ( A p p l i c a t i o n - l e v e l R e s o u r c e A b s t r a c t i o n ) D e s i g n a n d I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f I n t e g r a t e d  F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g  A l g o r i t h m s S i m u l a t i o n E x p e r i m e n t s f o r  F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g  E f f e c t i v e n e s s u n d e r V a r i o u s R e s o u r c e E n v i r o n m e n t s D e s i g n a n d I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f S y n t h e t i c R e s o u r c e G e n e r a t o r f o r G r i d s ( S i z e , T i m e , e t c . ) D e s i g n a n d I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a R e s e a r c h I n f r a s t r u c t u r e ( v g E S 0 . 7 , M a r c h 2 0 0 5 ) w h i c h R e a l i z e s t h e K e y V G I d e a s E n a b l e s M o d u l a r E x p l o r a t i o n o f R e s e a r c h I s s u e s E n a b l e s E x p e r i m e n t a t i o n w i t h L a r g e A p p l i c a t i o n s L e v e r a g e s a n d I n t e g r a t e s w i t h G l o b u s / M D S / P r o d u c t i o n G r i d R e s o u r c e I n f r a s t r u c t u r e s b   K   K                        .      $ Future Research Activities and Goals     U n d e r s t a n d i n g a n d E f f e c t i v e n e s s o f v g D L E x p e r i m e n t a t i o n w i t h b a s e v g D L E x p e r i m e n t a t i o n w i t h f u l l v g D L ( r e s e r v a t i o n s , r e s o u r c e q u a n t i t i e s ) E v a l u a t i o n w i t h a r a n g e o f A p p l i c a t i o n s ( E M A N , G r i d S A T , L E A D ) L a r g e - s c a l e E x p e r i m e n t s ( V G r A D S T e s t b e d , i V D G L , T e r a G r i d , & ) E x p e r i m e n t a t i o n w i t h u s e b y o t h e r S y s t e m s ( V D T : C h i m e r a a n d P e g a s u s ) E x p l o r i n g t h e V i r t u a l G r i d - - C o r e v g E S v g F A B F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g i n C o m p e t i t i v e R e s o u r c e E n v i r o n m e n t s ( s i m u l a t i o n a n d r e a l e x p e r i m e n t s ) D i s t r i b u t e d v g F A B  s c a l i n g t o e v e n l a r g e r s y s t e m s E f f i c i e n t p r e s e n t a t i o n o f i n d i v i d u a l &  i n t e r - r e s o u r c e  a t t r i b u t e s E v a l u a t i o n w i t h a r a n g e o f A p p l i c a t i o n s ( E M A N , G r i d S A T , L E A D ) L a r g e - s c a l e E x p e r i m e n t s ( V G r A D S T e s t b e d , i V D G L , T e r a G r i d , & ) E x p e r i m e n t a t i o n w i t h u s e b y o t h e r S y s t e m s ( V D T : C h i m e r a a n d P e g a s u s ) V (  F !   F (  F    F ( !  (        !            w    !                I      $ Future Research Activities and Goals   B A u t o m a t i c a n d C u s t o m i z e d M o n i t o r i n g v g M O N a n d  s e p a r a t i o n o f c o n c e r n s  D e f a u l t a n d c u s t o m i z a b l e e x p e c t a t i o n s ( U N C ) E f f i c i e n t c o m p i l a t i o n / i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f c u s t o m m o n i t o r s D y n a m i c V i r t u a l G r i d s I m p l e m e n t D y n a m i c V i r t u a l G r i d F e a t u r e s F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g : R e l a t i v e t o E x i s t i n g V G C o u p l i n g t o F a u l t T o l e r a n c e M a n a g e m e n t ( U T K ) C o u p l i n g t o R e a s o n i n g a b o u t B e h a v i o r ( U N C ) A b s t r a c t i o n o f v g D L d e s c r i p t i o n s f r o m D y n a m i c V G  s N $    $      $ $    s          For More Information    Andrew A. Chien, Henri Casanova, Yang-Suk Kee, Richard Huang, Dionysis Logothetis, and Ken Yocum, The Virtual Grid Description Language: vgDL, UCSD Technical Report CS2005-0817. And Update to The Virtual Grid Description Language: vgDL, Version 0.96, March 16, 2005. Yang-Suk Kee, Dionysios Logothetis, Richard Huang, Henri Casanova, and Andrew A. Chien, Efficient Resource Description and High Quality Selection for Virtual Grids, In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid 2005) Yang-Suk Kee, Henri Casanova, and Andrew A. Chien, Realistic Modeling and Synthesis of Resources for Computational Grids, In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on High Performance Computing and Networking, SC2004, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania, November 2004 Yang-suk Kee, Henri Casanova, and Andrew A. Chien,Combined Selection and Binding for Competitive Resource Environments, submitted for publication.    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"      "  Z    G       3       =             B C D Ex F                8c         ?     x x Q p h ` X y P H @8 0 ( @   X  H  p   8( H p h @ (  H = @  @                              # "  `         J      `          1    ?  # "  `    G   R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           D    Performance       F      `  b         1    ?  # "  `      V D  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           @    Feedback       ,        B) CI D E F$                8c         ?      ( (     (  H  (    @       # "  `     L    +  T   ; l  ,     #    ; l  ,  r'  T   ; l Z ,     #    ; l Z ,        R   Bi CA D ET F\               1         ?     @08P ` hh` `8 P 0  ` @   8 `   @ 8` @@+ ,  @                     # "  `    C l         p   Bi CA D ET F\               8c           ) ) ?       @08P ` hh` `8 P 0  ` @   8 `   @ 8` @@+ ,  @                     # "  `    ; d   t     0  {g    1    ?  # "  `       \       B  ĥ   8c     ) ) ?    # "  `    {   \  @   !   `          1    ?  # "  `    ,   V  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           :    Whole-         A   "   `  r         1    ?  # "  `     @ 2  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           ;    Program         B   #   `  p*!         1    ?  # "  `     Z =  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           <    Compiler       t   $  0  Tr    1    ?  # "  `     | ; ,     %  B     8c     ) ) ?    # "  `     l ; ,  C   &   `  @w         1    ?  # "  `    3  q  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           =    Libraries       t   '  0  5    1    ?  # "  `    K  k T     (  B  ܙ   8c     ) ) ?    # "  `    ;  k T     )  <  A      1    ?  # "  `       '  D   *   `  T         1    ?  # "  `    O   Z  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           >    Source         ^   +   `  =         1    ?  # "  `    q <   R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           X    Appli-              ^   ,   `  *         1    ?  # "  `    g  A  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           X    cation              t 2  -  0  l    1    ?  # "  `     |     2  .  N     8c       ȜȜ?    # "  `     l     2  /  N     8c       ȜȜ?    # "  `     l ;   F   0   `  `!         1    ?  # "  `     K    R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           @    Software       H   1   `  -|         1    ?  # "  `    A  > J  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           B    Components          2     B C D E F               1         ?        @   # "  `      m  b B  3 c $    8c    ?   "      d  &   4     B) CI D E F$               1         ?      ( H ( H 8 (   (    @       # "  `       ,   5     B) CI D E F$                8c         ?      ( H ( H 8 (   (    @       # "  `          6     B C D E F               1         ?        @   # "  `    k      7     B C D E F               1         ?        @   # "  `     T   B  8  H    D      8c     ?   "     z y z   B  9  H    D      8c     ?   "    m n E n  4   :       BI C D E F                8c           ?      ( Q r  ? I    @   # "  `    -  v i  4   ; B      BI C D E F                8c           ?      ( Q r  ? I    @   # "  `    e   i  z "  <  <        8c    ?   "  `  D    t   =  0  Vk    1    ?  # "  `      4     >  B     8c     ) ) ?    # "  `      4  D   ?   `           1    ?  # "  `    T  9  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           >    Binder         (&  T   n 4 O   @  #    n 4 O  I   A   `  J         1    ?  # "  `    n   -                                  ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z { | }   R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           C    Performance       E   B   `           1    ?  # "  `       R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           ?    Problem         t   C  0  1    1    ?  # "  `     D 4      D  B     8c     ) ) ?    # "  `     4 4   G   E   `  @#         1    ?  # "  `     f    R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           A    Real-time       I   F   `          1    ?  # "  `       k  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           C    Performance       E   G   `  y         1    ?  # "  `    > O ,   R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           ?    Monitor         t   H  0  2    1    ?  # "  `    t l      I  B     8c     ) ) ?    # "  `    d \   F   J   `  0         1    ?  # "  `        R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           @    Resource       H   K   `           1    ?  # "  `     ^  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           B    Negotiator          L      B9 C D Et F|               1         ?     ( 0  (  0  H  `  p      8 H h         8 ; <  @                             # "  `    |      M      B9 C D Ep Fx                8c         ?     ( 0  (  0  H  `  p      8 H h         8 9 <  @                            # "  `    t   G   N   `  !         1    ?  # "  `     u  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           A    Scheduler       t   O  0  S    1    ?  # "  `     L      P  B     8c     ) ) ?    # "  `     <   B   Q   `  `         1    ?  # "  `       e  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           <    Grid         E   R   `  Z         1    ?  # "  `    Q H O  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           ?    Runtime         D   S   `  p         1    ?  # "  `    ` ? O  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           >    System         n B  T  0    8c      ?   "         I   U   `  0Z         1    ?  # "  `    L @ 9  R  J  B  _ _ _ P P T M A C 1 1                        hnamd `    A r i a l   & M o n o t y p e T y p o g r a p h y           C    Negotiation        B  V B H    D      8c     ?   "    @ '  '  n B  W  0    8c      ?   "          X B Z  Z    Gu=Hyi Iu=   3 8c     ?    "         Y Z     G?WH I?W   8c     ?    "      T   B  Z  H    D     " 8c     ?   "    4   H    0    ޽h      ?  / @    I > X      D I Y    lb         _ _ _ P P T 1 0 u . (  +  D= '    = @B   +         Qp    Qp    `   0  0  (     0   x   0  c $    >      O%   *    x   0  c $    pK#      @       *     H   0 0    ޽h      ?    lb         _ _ _ P P T 1 0 u . (0G  +  D= '  ̐  = @B   +  A       Qp    Qp    p   4 0       q  (     4   r   4  S    m"      O%   *    x   4  c $   @             *     K   4 6 pl"              ~  v  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0      6  _ _ _ P P T 9     _    Application / PPS       c         x   4 6 G   f           ~  v  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0      6  _ _ _ P P T 9       $ Virtual Grid Execution System (vgES)  %    % c     &            4  Bi C D E F          A       A 8c           ?    i 5 '  O  0 ,a    @    "  `  H`    4  Bi C D E F                8c           ?     i 5 '  O  0 ,a    @    "  `  (/ h   4 H p\          8c    ?   e~ O    vgDL Resource Description            4 H h]          8c    ?   e z L    Virtual Grid Resources          .  l    '    4    ' ,  $    D     ,    4  B        8c    ?    "  `    `  f B  4 6 D      8c    ?         x B  4 H D      8c       ?           4  N          8c    ?       1  N    Virtual Grid Abstraction           x B  4  H D      8c       ?       x    4  N          8c    ?     ? '   Z   $ Virtual Grid Execution System (vgES)  %  %       ]   4 6 !             h ~  v  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0      6  _ _ _ P P T 9     q   ! Complex Grid Resource Environment  "    " c      "   H   4 0    ޽h      ?    lb         _ _ _ P P T 1 0  . B`  + #F D| '     = @B   D7 '    = @B  A    ? %, (   < +  O %, (   < +   Dn '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  4  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 1 + # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *  4  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *  4  +  (       Qp    Qp M  E   d       (     d   r   d  S    i      O%8   *       d  S    @κ        <  $   D    <    Π       d T   !       o    ) ) ?     8 ]    Application "     c           d T   P\       o    ) ) ?     P a X    vgES "       c            l   p  H    d   eP( P ,  $    @    , r B  d  B D      8c       ?   p 0 H     d  H          8c    ?   &   h  :    vgDL          >  l   ,     d   0  ,  $    @    ,   T   ,  (    d  #    ,  (     d  H        8c    ?    ,  ?   B                  d  H @        8c    ?    0  C   B                 B  d  H 0        8c    ?       B                   d  H @~        8c    ?     (   B                r B  d  B D      8c       ?   @ H   r B  d B B D      8c       ?    @ `   r B  d  B D      8c       ?        d  N `j"          8c    ?       B    Virtual Grid          B  d N D      8c        ?    8 X ,  $   @    , H   d 0    ޽h      ?    lb     W  O  _ _ _ P P T 1 0 / . (^  + 5 D '     = @B   D '    = @B  A    ? %, (   < +  O %, (   < +   D '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  d  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  d  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   d  C  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *   d  C  D '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  d  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  d  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   d C v  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *   d C v  D '    =  % (  D8 '    =  % (  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   d v  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *   d v  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  d  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  d  Dj '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % ( / %, (   < +  )  D '     =? B7 0 , 0 ; . 2 , . 5 ; . 8 , . 5 ; 1 , 0  -g 6    B f a d e  *< 3  < *  d  D '     =  0l 9  B B B B  *< 3  < *  d )  ? D '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   d   % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *   d   D1 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '     =  -o 6    B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  d  D '      =  1 :    B h i d d e n  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  d  % (   D '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D1 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '     =  -o 6    B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  d  D '      =  1 :    B h i d d e n  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  d  % (   +         Qp    Qp      8  P  (     8   r   8  S    }       O%   *       8  S    @*!        <  $    @    <    Π    H   8 0    ޽h      ?    lb         _ _ _ P P T 1 0 h . (PX  + mY D0 '     = @B   D '    = @B  A    ? %, (   < +  O %, (   < +   D '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   8    % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   8    D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   8    D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   8    % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   8    D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   8    D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   8  $  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   8  $  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   8  $  D4 '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   8 $ >  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   8 $ >  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   8 $ >  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   8 >   % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   8 >   D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   8 >   Dn '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   8    % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   8    D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   8    Dn '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   8    % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   8    D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   8    +         Qp        <  (        ~     s *    p        O%   *    ~     s *    ĺ              *     H    0    ޽h      ?    ka      _ _ _ P P T 1 0 u . 8;`lls  +  D= '  ̐  = @B   +  U,       Qp `+  X+     *  (        ~     s *    X!!       O%   *    ~     s *    R!!             *     )     # "  `    P     l  _ _ _ P P T 1 0 L D    &  _ _ _ P P T 9                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 : V g r i d : = V g D e f i n e E x p r [ " a t " T i m e ] V g D e f i n e E x p r : = I d e n t i f i e r " = " V g E x p r I d e n t i f i e r : = S t r i n g V g E x p r : = V g S u b E x p r | V g D e f i n e E x p r ( " c l o s e " | " f a r " | " h i g h B W " | " l o w B W " ) V g D e f i n e E x p r V g S u b E x p r : = V g A s s o c i a t o r E x p r | V g N o d e E x p r | " { " V g E x p r " } " V g A s s o c i a t o r E x p r : = V g B a g E x p r | V g C l u s t e r E x p r V g B a g E x p r : = ( " L o o s e B a g o f " | " T i g h t B a g o f " ) " ( " I d e n t i f i e r " ) " " [ " M i n N o d e " : " M a x N o d e " ] " [ " [ " R e d l i n e E x p r " ] " ] [ " [ " R a n k " = " A r i t h m e t i c E x p r " ] " ] " { " V g D e f i n e E x p r " } " M i n N o d e : = I n t e g e r M a x N o d e : = I n t e g e r N u m b e r : = I n t e g e r V g C l u s t e r E x p r : = " C l u s t e r o f " " ( " I d e n t i f i e r " ) " " [ " M i n N o d e " : " M a x N o d e " ] " [ " [ " R e d l i n e E x p r " ] " ] [ " [ " R a n k " = " A r i t h m e t i c E x p r " ] " ] " { " V g D e f i n e E x p r " } " M i n T i m e : = I n t e g e r M a x T i m e : = I n t e g e r V g N o d e E x p r : = " [ " R e d l i n e E x p r " ] " [ " [ " R a n k " = " A r i t h m e t i c E x p r " ] " ] R e d l i n e E x p r : = C o n d A n d E x p r [ " | | " C o n d A n d E x p r ] * [ " , " P r e d i c a t e ] C o n d A n d E x p r : = E q u a l E x p r [ " & & " E q u a l E x p r ] * E q u a l E x p r : = R e l a t i o n a l E x p r [ ( " = = " | " ! = " ) R e l a t i o n a l E x p r ] * R e l a t i o n a l E x p r : = A d d E x p r [ ( " > = " | " < = " | " > " | " < " ) A d d E x p r ] * A d d E x p r : = M u l t E x p r [ ( " + " | " - " ) M u l t E x p r ] * M u l t E x p r : = U n a r y E x p r [ ( " * " | " / " ) U n a r y E x p r ] * U n a r y E x p r : = I n t e g e r | F l o a t | A t t r i b u t e | " ( " R e d l i n e E x p r " ) " | ( (  C l u s t e r  |  T i g h t B a g  | L o o s e B a g  ) " . " A t t r i b u t e ) P r e d i c a t e : = " R e q u i r e d " " ( " A t t r i b u t e [ " , " A t t r i b u t e ] * " ) " A t t r i b u t e : = S t r i n g A r i t h m e t i c E x p r : = A r i t h M u l t E x p r [ ( " + " | " - " ) A r i t h M u l t E x p r ] * A r i t h M u l t E x p r : = A r i t h U n a r y E x p r [ ( " * " | " / " ) A r i t h U n a r y E x p r ] * A r i t h U n a r y E x p r : = I n t e g e r | F l o a t | A t t r i b u t e | " ( " A r i t h m e t i c E x p r " ) " | ( (  C l u s t e r  |  T i g h t B a g  | L o o s e B a g  ) " . " A t t r i b u t e )     c     c    % c      c     C c     c     c     c     c     $c $    (c (    ,c ,    0c 0    4c 4   > 8c 8    + B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   D /  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   D /  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   D /  D '    =  % (  D. '    =  % (  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   D / 8  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   D / 8  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   D / 8  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   D 8 _  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   D 8 _  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   D 8 _  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   D _ w  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   D _ w  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   D _ w  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   D w   % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   D w   D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   D w   D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   D    % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   D    D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   D    +        Qp    Qp h  `   H    (     H   n   H C F A ,   g r i d - h e a l t h - s t a t u s - u s  LV  r   H  S    ζ       O%   *       H  B    ж             "  `  = <  $    D    <   Π    H   H 0    ޽h      ?    lb     >  6  _ _ _ P P T 1 0  . (`<,  + X  D '     = @B   D '    = @B  A    ? %, (   < +  O %, (   < +   Dn '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   H   % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   H   D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   H   Dn '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   H  (  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   H  (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   H  (  Dn '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   H ( b  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   H ( b  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   H ( b  Dn '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   H b   % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   H b   D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   H b   +  5B       Qp    Qp =+  5+  Y aX     *  (     X   r   X  S    `       O%   *    ~   X  s *           C     *       X H p^          1    ?   "  `  n J ,  $    D    ,     g1 = { rsc1 = LooseBagOf(c1)[2:4] { c1 = ClusterOf(node1)[4:8] { node1 = [ (Processor == Pentium4) && (Memory>=4096)]}} FAR rsc2 = LooseBagOf(tb1)[2:4] { tb1 = TightBagOf(node2)[4:8] { node2 = [ Clock>=2.048 ]}}} FAR rsc3 = LooseBagOf(c2)[2:4] { c2 = ClusterOf(node3)[4:8] { node3 = [ Processor == Pentium4 ] [ Rank = Memory ]}}      c      B  X B D      o       ?   P ,  $    @    ,  B  X B D      o       ?    ,  $   D    ,   l     0   OX     ,  $   D    ,   @   h P     X    p H   l   X  <        8c    ?   h P    l   X  <        8c    ?    P    l   X  <        8c    ?   h     l   X  <        8c    ?        &  N   h P     X      X   `  l   X  <        8c    ?   h P    l   X  <        8c    ?    P    l   X  <        8c    ?   h     l   X  <        8c    ?        &  N   h P     X           l   X  <        8c    ?   h P    l   X  <        8c    ?    P    l   X  <        8c    ?   h     l   X  <        8c    ?        &  N   h P     X      0    l   X  <        8c    ?   h P    l   X  <        8c    ?    P    l   X  <        8c    ?   h     l   X  <        8c    ?        &  N   h P     X      p H   l   X  <   @     8c    ?   h P    l   X  <   @     8c    ?    P    l   !X  <   @     8c    ?   h     l   "X  <   @     8c    ?        l R  #X  <        8c    ?   0   `  l R  'X  <        8c    ?   X     l R  (X  <        8c    ?        l R  )X  <        8c    ?    @    l R  *X  <        8c    ?    ` @   0  @     `    -X        l   +X  <        8c    ?     `   l   ,X <        8c    ?     `   >  N     `    .X      0 H  X  l   /X  <        8c    ?     `   l   0X <        8c    ?     `   >  N     `    1X      `     l   2X  <        8c    ?     `   l   3X <        8c    ?     `   >  N     `    4X           l   5X  <        8c    ?     `   l   6X <        8c    ?     `   >  N     `    7X        P 0  l   8X  <   @     8c    ?     `   l   9X <   @     8c    ?     `   >  N     `    :X           l   ;X  <        8c    ?     `   l     N     `    =X       H  X  l   >X  <        8c    ?     `   l   ?X <        8c    ?     `   >  N     `    @X      P     l   AX  <        8c    ?     `   l   BX <        8c    ?     `   >  N     `    CX           l   DX  <        8c    ?     `   l   EX <        8c    ?     `   \  l   x 0  @   PX   `p  ,  $    @    , &  N   h P     FX      x h (   l   GX  <   @     8c    ?   h P    l   HX  <   @     8c    ?    P    l   IX  <   @     8c    ?   h     l   JX  <   @     8c    ?        l R  KX  <        8c    ?    x 8   >  N     `    LX       0  @  l   MX  <        8c    ?     `   l   NX <        8c    ?     `    B  QX B D      o       ?   h  ,  $    @    , ^  l   h     `X    ,  $   D   ,    \X  H P        1    ?    h    >                 ^X  N j          1    ?    "  `   ^ m  B    Virtual Grid         >  N   x 0  @   RX       p   &  N   h P     SX      x h (   l   TX  <   @     8c    ?   h P    l   UX  <   @     8c    ?    P    l   VX  <   @     8c    ?   h     l   WX  <   @     8c    ?        l R  XX  <        8c    ?    x 8   >  N     `    YX       0  @  l   ZX  <        8c    ?     `   l   [X <        8c    ?     `      aX H Pz          8c    ?   Nb!  ,  $       , T    Successfully Bound Candidates          H   X 0    ޽h      ?    lb         _ _ _ P P T 1 0 ` .                                                                                                                                (W  + 4' D '     = @B   Ds '    = @B  A    ? %, (   < +  O %, (   < +   D '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D@ '    =A @B  B  B  B  0B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  X  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  X  D '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  X  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  X  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  OX  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  OX  Df '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  PX  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  PX  D@ '    =A @B  B  B  B  0B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  aX  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  aX  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  X  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  X  D '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  QX  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  QX  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  `X  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  `X  +p  +0 +  X   +     +0 +  aX   +           Qp    Qp      \  O  (     \   r   \  S    P7       F O%H   *      \ H `          8c    ?    C    16 candidates           4   \ # A    0*     \  <   A             "  `       *     H   \ 0    ޽h      ?    lb         _ _ _ P P T 1 0 u . BБ  +  D= '  ̐  = @B   +         Qp    Qp      t  $  (     t   r   t  S    @       O%H   *    r   t  S                 *     H   t 0    ޽h      ?    lb         _ _ _ P P T 1 0 u . ( B  +  D= '  ̐  = @B   +         Qp #    & ;       (        r   :  S           O%   *    r   ;  S    P        T     *     z  L   0 0 P      #    p @ Z B   B s * D      Ԕ      0 0    Z B   B s * D      Ԕ       0    Z B    s * D      Ԕ       0 P   z  L   0 0 P      #      Z B   B s * D      Ԕ      0 0    Z B   B s * D      Ԕ       0    Z B    s * D      Ԕ       0 P   b  L   `        #        T   0 0 P      #  ݶ      Z B  ! B s * D      Ԕ      0 0    Z B  " B s * D      Ԕ       0    Z B  #  s * D      Ԕ       0 P   |  N   0 0 P    $      `     Z B  % B s * D      Ԕ      0 0    Z B  & B s * D      Ԕ       0    Z B  '  s * D      Ԕ       0 P   ^   ( 6              P  ^   ) 6             pP   ^   * 6              ` ^   + 6   f           0 ^   , 6             @ P  ^   - 6              @ ^   . 6              P  ^   / 6             P ^   0 6   f           @ ^   1 6                ^   2 6             ` 0 ^   3 6   f          `  L  4 <                ^ ~  v  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0      6  _ _ _ P P T 9     Z    vgDL Request    c        Q  5 < `               g ~ ~  v  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0      6  _ _ _ P P T 9     _    Virtual Grid (VG)      c           F   `  `   6      `P P`    7  <         1       `  `  ~  v  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0      6  _ _ _ P P T 9       \ R n a m e : f o o . u c s d . e d u L o a d : 0 . 6 P r e d L o a d : 2 . 0 &  /   / c     T                 Z B  8 s * D      1            9 H $          1    ?   "  `    h    BagOfClusters= LooseBagOf(N)[10:100] [Rank=LooseBag.Nodes] {N=ClusterOf(M)[8:32] {M=[(Memory>=1024) &&(Disk>2048)] [Rank = Clock]} } ,   c      @   (         H    0    ޽h      ?    ̙ 33      _ _ _ P P T 1 0 u . 'c'  +  D= '  n   = @B   +  >       Qp    Qp    0 " #l    (     l   r   l  S           O%   *       l  S           `  <  $   D    <    Π       l T   z       o    ) ) ?     8 ]    Application "     c           l T          o    ) ) ?     P a X    vgES "       c            z   p  H    l      eP( P ,  $    @    , r B  l  B D      8c       ?   p 0 H     l  H           8c    ?   &   h  :    vgDL          .  z   ,     l      0  ,  $    @    ,   T   ,  (    l  #    ,  (     l  B         8c    ?   ,  ?   B                  l  B         8c    ?   0  C   B                 B  l  B         8c    ?      B                   l  B `        8c    ?    (   B                r B  l  B D      8c       ?   @ H   r B  l B B D      8c       ?    @ `   r B  l  B D      8c       ?        l  H           8c    ?      B    Virtual Grid          B  l H D      8c        ?   8 X ,  $   @    , \  l   ` @  p   l    x  ,  $    @   , l   l  <        8c    ?   ` @  h  l   l  <        8c    ?    H  p  R  l         #l     ,  $    @   , \  @    p    !l     x   l b  l  <   f     8c    ?    p  0  l b  l  <   f     8c    ?    p X 0  l b  l  <   f     8c    ?    p  0  l b  l  <   f     8c    ?   H    l b  l  <   f     8c    ?       l b  l  <   f     8c    ?     `  l b  l  <   f     8c    ?     (  l b  l  <   f     8c    ?   P    l b  l  <   f     8c    ?       r B  "l B B D      8c       ?      x  H   l 0    ޽h      ?    lb     E+  =+  _ _ _ P P T 1 0 + . B0V  +  D* '     = @B   D* '    = @B  A    ? %, (   < +  O %, (   < +   D '    =  % (  DQ '    =  % (  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  l  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  l  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   l  <  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   l  <  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   l  <  D '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  l  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  l  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   l < j  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   l < j  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   l < j  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   l j  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   l j  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   l j  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  l  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  l  D6 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % ( )  D '     =? B7 0 , 0 ; . 2 , . 5 ; . 8 , . 5 ; 1 , 0  -g 6    B f a d e  *< 3  < *  l  D '     =  0l 9  B B B B  *< 3  < *  l )  ? D '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  l  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *  l  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *  l  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   l  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   l  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   l  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   l  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   l  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   l  D4 '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  #l  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *  #l  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *  #l  D '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *   l #  % (  D '      =  + 4  8   ?d C B 0 - # p p t _ w / 2  B  C  B # p p t _ x  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ x  < *   l #  D '      =  + 4  8   ?\ C B # p p t _ y  B  C  B # p p t _ y  B   *Y 3   > B p p t _ y  < *   l #  +        Qp    @ & H<    (     <   ~   <  s *           O%H   *      F    | d   %<       |,    &<  N @       o    ) ) ?         L   &       g    3        '<  T   o"       o    ) ) ?      P )  _    Application "     c           (<  T   pO       o    ) ) ?       0  ]    vgES APIs "     c           )<  T   l"       o    ) ) ?     h  [  g    vgMON "       c            ` B  *<  0 D      o        Y  ~  ` B  +< B 0 D      o        Y  ~    ,<  < o"               ! `  [  V    vgDL        c           T   C b     -<  #     `   Z   .<  s *   ff              Z   /<  s *    f           L   Z   0<  s *   3         C b    Z   1<  s *             b    Z   2<  s *             b    Z   3<  s *             b L   Z   4<  s *            C     Z   5<  s *                 Z   6<  s *   33         L     Z   7<  s *                 Z   8<  s *            L b    Z   9<  s *             b     2  :<  <  b            "  `    G !  h    Information Services "       c          2  ;<  <  !o"            "  `    G /  e    Resource Managers "       c         f B  << B 6 D      o        x 0  0  f B  =< 6 D      o        x 0  0     ><  T   @o"       o    ) ) ?       X  j    vgLAUNCH "     c               ?<  T          o    ) ) ?     p `  Y    vgFAB "       c           "  @<   `   P9    G     o    ?         "    `   Z    VG &       g           A<  < o"               + ` i [  T    VG        c           "  B<   `   wo"    G     o    ?         "      Z    VG &       g           "  C<   `   c"    G 33    o    ?         "     Z  Z    VG &       g         f B  D< B 6 D      o        P   f B  E< B 6 D      o        P      F<  T          o    ) ) ?     p  X    DVCW "       c            G<  T   07o"       o    ) ) ?      `  i    vgAgent "       c              H<  H {9          8c    ?     | d  D    Grid Resources           H   < 0    ޽h      ?    ̙ 33      _ _ _ P P T 1 0 e  +  D= '    = @B   +         Qp    Qp    P  @  <  (     @   ~   @  s *           O%   *    ~   @  s *                 *     H   @ 0    ޽h      ?    ̙ 33      _ _ _ P P T 1 0 e  +  D= '  ̐  = @B   +        Qp    Qp      x    (     x   ^ b  x 6   f7    8c    ?   X 8   ~   x  s *    )#       O%   *       x T   \4       o    ) ) ?     o _    Application "     c           x T   @)#       o    ) ) ?     h i    vgAgent "       c               x T   *       o    ) ) ?       Y    vgFAB "       c            x T   )       o    ) ) ?     xg j    vgLAUNCH "     c            X   x 0    8c     ?    T`   x H T          8c    ?   eS R    vgDL     c         X   x 0    8c     ?       "  x  `   ,    G 33    o    ?         "     Z    VG &       g         p   x H  Z GH[I   8c     ?      ^   x 6    8c      ?     ^`   x H #"          8c    ?   $  T    bind      c            x H E#          8c    ?     B  ^    return VG to App      a         X B  x 0 D      )    ?   X X ` X B  x 0 D      )    ?    `   x H           8c    ?   | 4B ]    Resource Info      c             x  S    p      T    *      vgFAB accepts vgDL requests; creates Virtual Grids vgAgent provides resource data for finding and binding Implements VG Attributes vgLAUNCH uses DVC/Globus to access Grid resources F j   2 j `    `   2 `                 H             H   x 0    ޽h      ?  O     x x x      x x     x x x      x x x     ̙ 33      _ _ _ P P T 1 0 e  +  D= '    = @B   +         Qp F  > ` # %P    (     P   r   $P  S    #3       O%   *    r   %P  S    0%3       m     *     S  F   p      P      3  `   P  0             p  `   `   P  0             p  `   `   P  0             p  `   `   P  0             p  `   ]  P  < 2                    ~  v  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0      6  _ _ _ P P T 9     c    Information Services      c         O  F    _     P      U/  `   P  0               ] %  `   P  0              F ]  `   P  0              ] l  `   P  0              ]   Y  P  < 0               z _   ~  v  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0      6  _ _ _ P P T 9     _    Resource Managers      c         F 2  P <   `0             P  ~  v  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0      6  _ _ _ P P T 9     T    vgES       c         V 2  P B   b"                ~  v  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0      6  _ _ _ P P T 9     ^    Virtual Grids       c         X   P 0             Pp@ X   P 0             @ X   P 0              X   P 0               X   P 0             P X   P 0             @P X   P 0             pP  N   P <   `#b"               ~  v  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0      6  _ _ _ P P T 9     \    Applications     c          z        P        ,  $    D    ,   N        P          f B  P  6 D      )         @ ` @  f B  P 6 D      )         0   S  P  < 0                    ~  v  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0      6  _ _ _ P P T 9     Y    VG Creation    c        f B  P 6 D      )        @  @    z   F  r   P      F r  ,  $    D    , f B  !P  6 D      )        p    f B  "P 6 D      )        `  c  #P  < `Nb"               F d r  ~  v  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0      6  _ _ _ P P T 9     i    VG Information & Monitoring      c         H   P 0    ޽h      ?    ̙ 33  <  4  _ _ _ P P T 1 0  . (hd  + i0x D '     = @B   D '    = @B  A    ? %, (   < +  O %, (   < +   D '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  P  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  P  D '    =  % (  D '    =  % (  D3 '    =4 @B  B  B  B   % (  D '      =  1 :    B v i s i b l e  *o 3   >+ B# s t y l e . v i s i b i l i t y  < *  P  % (  D '     =  -o 6   B d i s s o l v e  *< 3  < *  P  +  ,.       Qp    Qp    p    P  (        r     S    0       O%   *         S    0        0 <  $        <    Π    H    0    ޽h      ?    lb     +  +  _ _ _ P P T 1 0 + . 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" # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 : ; < = > ? @ A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ \ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p   x     c $   p             *     H    0    ޽h      ?    lb         _ _ _ P P T 1 0 u . (^  +  D= '  ̐  = @B   +         Qp    Qp        $  (        r     S          O%   *    r     S                 *     H    0    ޽h      ?    lb         _ _ _ P P T 1 0 u . B@>  +  D= '  ̐  = @B   +         Qp    Qp      0  $  (     0   r   0  S          O%   *    r   0  S    0        '     *     H   0 0    ޽h      ?    lb         _ _ _ P P T 1 0 u . B U  +  D= '  ̐  = @B   +        Qp    Qp        *  (        x     c $    0           *    r     S    .       `       *     H    0    ޽h      ?    lb         _ _ _ P P T 1 0 u . r1Py-  +  D= '  ̐  = @B   +     g   t  l       (   `"p "Ԗ     R     3        ZPP   *  r     # "  e    *         H    0   ~ ηo      ?    a (  8  0  _ _ _ P P T 1 0  . q T       t  l       (   ? ?      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" d d @        @@  ``       H  H + 8                          !    ;                                                    Q  Q   R  S    {    C                   Q     Q                  k             ;  +       ;             +             [                 b                       & %       <            % $  R     N     < $        &  I      $  &        $              p            !  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Chien, Henri Casanova, Yang-suk Kee, Ken Yocum, Richard Huang, Dionysis Logothetis, and Jerry Chou CSE, SDSC, and CNS University of California, San Diego VGrADS Site Visit April 28, 2005   P      P !           I           Credits    Rice University Ken Kennedy, Principal Investigator Chuck Koelbel & Mark Mazina, Research Staff Anirban Mandal, Ryan Zhang University of North Carolina Dan Reed, Principal Investigator LavanyaRamakrishnan University of Southern California Carl Kesselman, Principal Investigator Gurmeet Singh University of California, Santa Barbara Rich Wolski, Principal Investigator Graziano Obertelli University of Tennessee Jack Dongarra, Principal Investigator Asim YarKhan    < l   <   < 7   < #  < 5   < (  < 7   <   < 3   <  l    7  #  5  (  7    3 $ $  ;                M       *       4                           h   Lessons from GrADS     Approach Vindicated: Application Driven Adaptation is Crucial Doing this well is DIFFICULT Specifically: Implicit Coupling of Application, Programming Tools, and Runtime requires dealing with complexity of all levels simultaneously Lack of Explicit Resource Abstraction inhibits expressing and exploiting application domain knowledge Closed World Selection Model does not extend to larger, shared, competitive Grid resource environments  >  K    K   K M   K >        n  %  A    L    l   Virtual Grid Approach   q Separation of Concerns Application Planning and Management Complex Grid Resource Environment Management => vgDL and Virtual Grid Scalable Selection and Binding Large Resource Pools Competitive, Dynamic Environments => Finding and Binding Application-Driven Resource Management Application-level Abstraction Grid Information => Virtual Grid Explicit Resource Abstraction   Q       7      ' /  .     Q      7    '  ]         # Separation of Concerns: vgDL and VG   2 Virtual Grid Description Language (vgDL) Applications Describe their resource Needs at Application-level Abstraction Virtual Grid (VG) Resources Selected, Bound, and Organized into Application-level Abstraction Adaptive Applications (Future) Applications Manage Resources with VG Modify the Virtual Grid  ) M   L   @  )   M      L       @      t   Life Cycle of Virtual Grids    Life-cycle of a Virtual Grid Application sends vgES a vgDL request vgES (vgFAB) creates VG and returns to Application Application Uses VG (runs jobs, reads resource attributes, gets notifications from monitors, adapts VG, eventually done) Application terminates VG &        m  ! Application-Driven Design of vgDL    E x t e n s i v e G r i d A p p l i c a t i o n S t u d i e s ( 6 m o n t h s ) E M A N : S i n g l e P a r t i c l e A n a l y s i s a n d E l e c t r o n M i c r o g r a p h A n a l y s i s E n c y c l o p e d i a o f L i f e ( B i o i n f o r m a t i c s ) L E A D : L i n k e d E n v i r o n m e n t s f o r A t m o s p h e r i c D i s c o v e r y G r i d S A T : B o o l e a n S a t i s f i a b i l i t y S o l v e r ( L o g i c a n d T e s t D e s i g n ) Q u e s t i o n s E x p l o r e d H o w d o y o u o r g a n i z e r e s o u r c e s ? H o w d o y o u m a p y o u r a p p l i c a t i o n ? H o w d o y o u r e a s o n a b o u t p e r f o r m a n c e ? W h a t i s i m p o r t a n t t o c o n t r o l ? W h a t i s c o n f u s i n g / i r r e l e v a n t d e t a i l ? F i n d i n g s S m a l l n u m b e r o f R e s o u r c e A b s t r a c t i o n s A p p l i c a t i o n M a p p i n g a n d R e s o u r c e I g n o r e s D e t a i l v g D L R e s e a r c h H y p o t h e s e s & A S i m p l e A p p l i c a t i o n - l e v e l D e s c r i p t i o n i s b e t t e r f o r A p p l i c a t i o n s ! S i m p l i c i t y s u p p o r t s D e s c r i p t i o n P o r t a b i l i t y a n d R o b u s t n e s s L o o s e S p e c i f i c a t i o n e n a b l e s  F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g   .  <   <   <   <  < V   <   <   < .       V       ,            ( Virtual Grid Description Language (vgDL)  ) )       vgDL provides application-level resource abstraction Aggregates ClusterOf (Homogeneous, Tightly-Coupled) TightBag (Heterogeneous, Tightly-Coupled) LooseBag (Heterogeneous, Loosely-Coupled) Individual Resource Attributes (extensible) CPU, Speed, Memory, Disk, Software, Hostname, etc. Couplers HighBW, Close, Far, LowBW Preferences Scalar Rank Function, Arithmetic on Attributes Advanced Reservation (Start) and Extent Reservation (Start, Stop) Quantity of Resources (Service Units)  5  P   P }   P ,   P 4   P   P    P  P /   P h  P 5  }  , `    4 `        /  g $b $    ( (  A      !   ! `          < g        ( Virtual Grid Description Language (vgDL)  ) ) b    & #             `              vgDL Example    Based on EMAN Resource Abstractions Workflow (loosely coupled) Workflow Nodes are Sequential and Parallel Jobs (clusters) Specific Cluster Node Requirements Simple, Flexible, Lots of Choice D % y  ! % b    y   !   "   $     o   Scalable Selection and Binding    T r a d i t i o n a l M o d e l : S e p a r a t e S e l e c t i o n S e l e c t b a s e d o n S t a t i c R e s o u r c e A t t r i b u t e s P l a n A p p l i c a t i o n E x e c u t i o n B i n d R e s o u r c e s E x e c u t e A p p l i c a t i o n W o r k s i n a P r i v a t e R e s o u r c e E n v i r o n m e n t :  W h a t I w a n t , I g e t  D o e s n  t w o r k i n a c o m p e t i t i v e G r i d r e s o u r c e e n v i r o n m e n t :  W h a t I w a n t , e v e r y o n e e l s e w a n t s t o o !  P r o b l e m : S e l e c t i o n I g n o r e s R e s o u r c e C o m p e t i t i o n B i n d i n g M a y n o t S u c c e e d A p p l i c a t i o n M a y n o t d o w e l l ( p e r f o r m a n c e , e t c . ) C u r r e n t p r a c t i c e : Q u e u e a n d W a i t l &  P j   P  P o   P !  P & j    o  !      p  " Example: Grid3 Resource Management    V D S : C h i m e r a , P e g a s u s , C o n d o r , G l o b u s S y s t e m C h i m e r a a n d P e g a s u s c o n s t r u c t W o r k f l o w p l a n ( s e l e c t i o n ) , i n c l u d i n g r e s o u r c e p o o l f o r e a c h w o r k f l o w n o d e L o c a l R e s o u r c e M a n a g e r s d e t e r m i n e w h e n t h e y r u n ! ( b i n d i n g ) P r o b l e m : C a n  t c o n t r o l p e r f o r m a n c e w i t h V D S a l o n e ! V G A p p r o a c h :  F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g  A p p l i c a t i o n C o n t r o l s S c h e d u l i n g o n V G R e s o u r c e s ( 2 - l e v e l ) A p p l i c a t i o n C o n t r o l s P e r f o r m a n c e j -  A   A W  A \   A -      W  \   ,     \       r  8 v g F A B :  F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g      U s e v g D L ( a n d r a n k ) t o e n u m e r a t e a n u m b e r o f c a n d i d a t e s f o r e a c h p a r t o f r e q u e s t ( O v e r s e l e c t i o n ) A t t e m p t t o b i n d c a n d i d a t e s f o r e a c h p a r t b a s e d o n v g D L r a n k i n g C o m p o s e s u c c e s s f u l l y b o u n d p a r t s i n t o a V G a n d r e t u r n s t o a p p l i c a t i o n ( D y n a m i c C o m p o s i t i o n ) I f d i d n  t s u c c e e d f o r a l l p a r t s , t r y i t e r a t i v e l y w i t h m o r e c a n d i d a t e s o r f a i l  R         C vgFAB enables Synchronous Resource Use in Competitive Environments  D D      G FAB Scalable and Satisfies Complex Requests in Competitive Resource Environments Combined Better in All Cases; Much Better in Competitive Environments Tolerates Double Binding Failure Rates => Makes Synchronous Use Practical Separate: 30% for 8 and 16 component descriptions Combined: 60-70% for 8 and 16 component descriptions j Q  F F   F J  F g   F Q     $  J  g     v  = Application-Driven Resource Management: the Virtual Grid (VG)    Why Manage Resources? Application or Resource Performance changes (Reschedule) Application or Resource Fault-tolerance Needs (Reconfigure) Virtual Grid Provides an Application-Level Abstraction for Management Relates to vgDL Corresponds to Application-level View Single Interface for Resource Information Operations for Computation Launching and Monitoring Modify Virtual Grid; Augment, Remove Elements b  u  F     u  F             + Virtual Grid: Explicit Resource Abstraction  , , `    ,      v g D L R e q u e s t C r e a t e s V i r t u a l G r i d ( V G ) V i r t u a l G r i d ( V G ) i s a n E x p l i c i t E n t i t y E a c h V G R e s o u r c e c o r r e s p o n d s t o p a r t o f t h e A p p l i c a t i o n  s v g D L V G N o d e s A t t r i b u t e s p r e s e n t R e s o u r c e I n f o r m a t i o n S t a t i c I n f o r m a t i o n ( p r o c t y p e , s p e e d , l o c a t i o n , e t c . ) D y n a m i c I n f o r m a t i o n ( l o a d , m e m , u p t i m e , p r e d i c t i o n , N W S , G a n g l i a , e t c . ) C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n / C l a s s i f i c a t i o n I n f o r m a t i o n b ' g  1  ' `   g `   1 b    b     N              X         # Virtual Grid Creation and Evolution   " Life-cycle of a Virtual Grid Application sends vgDL request vgES creates VG and returns it to Application Application Uses VG; Terminates VG Application Modifies Virtual Grid Detect and Replace Resources which Fail (FT) or Augment Add to Virtual Grid as Needed to Meet Evolving Needs (LEAD) V  p  " t     p   "   t          1 System Architecture: vgES implements Virtual Grid  2 2 `   &               vgES Components    `              v g F A B A  f i n d e r a n d b i n d e r  t h a t p e r f o r m s i n t e g r a t e d r e s o u r c e s e l e c t i o n a n d b i n d i n g v g D L V i r t u a l G r i d D e s c r i p t i o n L a n g u a g e : h o w a n a p p l i c a t i o n e x p r e s s e s i t s r e s o u r c e n e e d s a n d r e s o u r c e a b s t r a c t i o n s v g L a u n c h + D V C W A n a p p l i c a t i o n l a u n c h e r t h a t i n i t i a t e s t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o n t h e b o u n d r e s o u r c e s a n d i n t e r f a c e s t o G l o b u s v g A g e n t A c o m p o n e n t t h a t r e t r i e v e s s t a t i c / d y n a m i c r e s o u r c e i n f o r m a t i o n f r o m e x i s t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n s e r v i c e s s y s t e m s v g M O N A d i s t r i b u t e d m o n i t o r i n g c o m p o n e n t t h a t e n s u r e s r e s o u r c e p e r f o r m a n c e e x p e c t a t i o n s    K N   K   K m   K   K g   K   K j   K   K R   K  `   N `    `   m `     `   R `    `    `   j `     $` $  R (` (  b     o     k     S          vgFAB Architecture    `                 Virtual Grids (VG)    `         = Big Picture: Many Applications, vgES Instances, Virtual Grids  > > `    >        Achievements to Date (Year 1.5)   t A p p l i c a t i o n S t u d i e s t o u n d e r s t a n d A p p l i c a t i o n R e s o u r c e A b s t r a c t i o n s D e s i g n a n d I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f v g D L L a n g u a g e ( A p p l i c a t i o n - l e v e l R e s o u r c e A b s t r a c t i o n ) D e s i g n a n d I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f I n t e g r a t e d  F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g  A l g o r i t h m s S i m u l a t i o n E x p e r i m e n t s f o r  F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g  E f f e c t i v e n e s s u n d e r V a r i o u s R e s o u r c e E n v i r o n m e n t s D e s i g n a n d I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f S y n t h e t i c R e s o u r c e G e n e r a t o r f o r G r i d s ( S i z e , T i m e , e t c . ) D e s i g n a n d I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f a R e s e a r c h I n f r a s t r u c t u r e ( v g E S 0 . 7 , M a r c h 2 0 0 5 ) w h i c h R e a l i z e s t h e K e y V G I d e a s E n a b l e s M o d u l a r E x p l o r a t i o n o f R e s e a r c h I s s u e s E n a b l e s E x p e r i m e n t a t i o n w i t h L a r g e A p p l i c a t i o n s L e v e r a g e s a n d I n t e g r a t e s w i t h G l o b u s / M D S / P r o d u c t i o n G r i d R e s o u r c e I n f r a s t r u c t u r e s b   K   K                        .      $ Future Research Activities and Goals     U n d e r s t a n d i n g a n d E f f e c t i v e n e s s o f v g D L E x p e r i m e n t a t i o n w i t h b a s e v g D L E x p e r i m e n t a t i o n w i t h f u l l v g D L ( r e s e r v a t i o n s , r e s o u r c e q u a n t i t i e s ) E v a l u a t i o n w i t h a r a n g e o f A p p l i c a t i o n s ( E M A N , G r i d S A T , L E A D ) L a r g e - s c a l e E x p e r i m e n t s ( V G r A D S T e s t b e d , i V D G L , T e r a G r i d , & ) E x p e r i m e n t a t i o n w i t h u s e b y o t h e r S y s t e m s ( V D T : C h i m e r a a n d P e g a s u s ) E x p l o r i n g t h e V i r t u a l G r i d - - C o r e v g E S v g F A B F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g i n C o m p e t i t i v e R e s o u r c e E n v i r o n m e n t s ( s i m u l a t i o n a n d r e a l e x p e r i m e n t s ) D i s t r i b u t e d v g F A B  s c a l i n g t o e v e n l a r g e r s y s t e m s E f f i c i e n t p r e s e n t a t i o n o f i n d i v i d u a l &  i n t e r - r e s o u r c e  a t t r i b u t e s E v a l u a t i o n w i t h a r a n g e o f A p p l i c a t i o n s ( E M A N , G r i d S A T , L E A D ) L a r g e - s c a l e E x p e r i m e n t s ( V G r A D S T e s t b e d , i V D G L , T e r a G r i d , & ) E x p e r i m e n t a t i o n w i t h u s e b y o t h e r S y s t e m s ( V D T : C h i m e r a a n d P e g a s u s ) V (  F !   F (  F    F ( !  (        !            w    !                I      $ Future Research Activities and Goals   B A u t o m a t i c a n d C u s t o m i z e d M o n i t o r i n g v g M O N a n d  s e p a r a t i o n o f c o n c e r n s  D e f a u l t a n d c u s t o m i z a b l e e x p e c t a t i o n s ( U N C ) E f f i c i e n t c o m p i l a t i o n / i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f c u s t o m m o n i t o r s D y n a m i c V i r t u a l G r i d s I m p l e m e n t D y n a m i c V i r t u a l G r i d F e a t u r e s F i n d i n g a n d B i n d i n g : R e l a t i v e t o E x i s t i n g V G C o u p l i n g t o F a u l t T o l e r a n c e M a n a g e m e n t ( U T K ) C o u p l i n g t o R e a s o n i n g a b o u t B e h a v i o r ( U N C ) A b s t r a c t i o n o f v g D L d e s c r i p t i o n s f r o m D y n a m i c V G  s N $    $      $ $    s          For More Information    Andrew A. Chien, Henri Casanova, Yang-Suk Kee, Richard Huang, Dionysis Logothetis, and Ken Yocum, The Virtual Grid Description Language: vgDL, UCSD Technical Report CS2005-0817. And Update to The Virtual Grid Description Language: vgDL, Version 0.96, March 16, 2005. Yang-Suk Kee, Dionysios Logothetis, Richard Huang, Henri Casanova, and Andrew A. Chien, Efficient Resource Description and High Quality Selection for Virtual Grids, In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Cluster Computing and the Grid (CCGrid 2005) Yang-Suk Kee, Henri Casanova, and Andrew A. Chien, Realistic Modeling and Synthesis of Resources for Computational Grids, In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on High Performance Computing and Networking, SC2004, Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania, November 2004 Yang-suk Kee, Henri Casanova, and Andrew A. Chien,Combined Selection and Binding for Competitive Resource Environments, submitted for publication.    U b   +   33*   5     33x   K   33   E   33    D $ $ 33 ( (  !                           b   |    Morning Break      /         !   "   #   $   %   &   '   (   )   *   +   ,   -   .   /   0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   P  @     L y o n l  1 <   0 8     .  , = > 5   / 2 3 4 7 :  - sx  ,,   te(  H H (  n       h   r     m     8  ٰ